Rising remote work is upping job inequality in European capitals and 'scarring' some sectors, says OECD report
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- An report by the OECD and Indeed warned that remote working may aggravate labor inequality.
- Analyzing job postings for major European capitals, experts said the service sector may be scarred.
- The percentage of remote job postings is increasing but the job market has still not recovered.
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Remote working options have allowed many companies to keep going during the COVID-19 pandemic, with some companies even thriving as a result. However, this hasn't been possible in all sectors with retail, hospitality, and healthcare among the most affected.
The expansion of remote working has led to labor inequalities in major European capitals including London, Paris, Madrid, and Berlin. Unemployment in the UK hit its highest level in five years last month and job offers have been harder to come by in all the cities and their countries. Meanwhile, remote jobs have thrived.
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This is one of the major findings published in a report on remote working in European capitals, co-authored by OECD economist Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp and the Indeed job portal's chief research economist for the MENA area Pawel Adrjan.
Using data from the Indeed portal, they said: "Labour markets in these cities are being pulled apart in early 2021, with postings for higher-paid jobs performing better than those for lower-paid service jobs."
Remote working as a factor of inequality
"The move to remote work is greater and more persistent in these cities than in other places and may be long-lasting," the report said.
A survey conducted in January by the National Association for Business Economics (NABE) found that just one in 10 companies expected their employees to return to the office after the pandemic.
Major companies have recently extended their remote working policies, with Google planning to try and accommodate remote working indefinitely.
"Cities such as London have already experienced population declines," Kleine-Rueschkamp and Adrjan added. They said that although it was unlikely that living in a major European capital would not have its perks after the pandemic, "the trends COVID-19 has initiated might weaken their appeal."
Remote working does appear to be much more prevalent in major cities than in the rest of the country. Remote work increased 7.3% higher in Berlin than in the rest of Germany, and 5.4% more in Madrid than the rest of Spain.
Paris and London had smaller disparities but they were still notable. Remote working growth was 4% higher in Paris than in the whole of France, and 2.4% higher in London than the rest of the UK.
Remote job offers previously constituted 5% of the overall workforce in Madrid in 2020 but stood at 15.7% a year later. In the rest of Spain, the rate has increased from 4% to 10.4%.
The report attributes this phenomenon to the fact that "postings in occupations suitable for working at home, like tech, finance, law, and marketing, are most prevalent in big cities." In comparison, the service sector is heavily affected by remote working and could be "scarred for a long time," especially in London and Paris.
Fewer jobs available than before the pandemic
The OECD report revealed that job markets in European capitals had been seriously hit by the pandemic. London was the worst affected, with 41% fewer vacancies at the end of January 2021 compared to February 2020.
Paris and Madrid both had around 25% fewer vacancies than before the pandemic, while Berlin had 8% fewer. Paris was the only instance where the capital was worse affected than the rest of the country.
The report warned of the consequences of further decline in European capitals, as their economic growth tended to outstrip the rest of the country. In the years prior to the pandemic, "GDP per capita jumped more than 12% in these cities, almost 3 percentage points faster than national growth."
At the height of the pandemic-related job market contractions, however, capitals were affected more than the rest of the country.
Job openings in London were 57% lower than before the pandemic, 48% lower in Madrid, 42% lower in Paris, and 26% lower in Berlin. The report noted that "for much of 2020, job openings in these cities were between five and 15 percentage points lower" than the rest of the country.
The report said large cities would "a difficult adjustment period for some urban workers," adding that "the pandemic's labor market effects may be temporary for some sectors, but, for others, they may last."
Policymakers should support displaced workers and those at risk of redundancy by offering comprehensive skills development strategies tailored to local conditions," the researchers concluded.
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