The rise and fall of FTX's Sam Bankman-Fried, who became a crypto billionaire in just 4 years — and lost most of his wealth in a single day

ftx sam bankman-fried
  • Sam Bankman-Fried catapulted into a crypto billionaire in a matter of four years.
  • He's the co-founder of FTX, a cryptocurrency exchange, and Alameda Research, a trading firm.
  • His net worth has reportedly dropped down to $1 billion from almost $16 billion.

The world can turn upside down within a week. 

Last Tuesday, Sam Bankman-Fried was a 30 year-old with a mop of brown hair and enough clout to go by his initials, SBF. He had a cryptocurrency exchange called FTX, a trading firm called Alameda Research, and $15.6 billion to his name, according to estimates from Bloomberg.  

He had catapulted into one of the biggest names in crypto in a matter of four years and was setting his sights on mainstream finance. 

Now, he's left with just $1 billion and his initials. 

The collapse of Bankman-Fried's fortune has loomed for months. Reports have been circulating this year that FTX was on a "shaky financial foundations" amidst larger instabilities the global crypto market, according to The New York Times. 

Here's how SBF went from crypto's poster child to its greatest cautionary tale:

 

 




 

Bankman-Fried grew up in Silicon Valley as the son of two Stanford Law professors.
Stanford University
He spent his childhood playing games like chess and bridge. His brother, Gabe, told Insider, "playing games growing up, his inclination is if a board game is fun, you should play two simultaneous games at once with a timer."
A chess board with pieces.
A chess board

Source: Insider

Bankman-Fried studied physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he juggled several extracurriculars alongside his academics. "I worked like an hour and a half a day in total and had trouble getting places on time," Bankman-Fried told Insider. "I was a really negligent student."
mit campus

Source: Insider

During college, Bankman-Fried began honing his moral compass. He became especially interested in effective altruism, a philosophical movement that uses calculations to understand how people can use their time, money, and resources to best help others.
Donating
After college, Bankman-Fried went to work for the global trading firm, Jane Street. That's where he learned the art of arbitrage— a form of trading in which traders buy an asset for a low price in one market and sell it for higher in another market.
Sam Bankman-Fried
During his three years at Jane Street, Bankman-Fried would give away half of his salary to animal-welfare groups and effective altruism charities, according to Bloomberg. He left to work for MacAskill's Centre for Effective Altruism, set up by William MacAskill, one of the leaders of the effective altruism movement.
Animal Rights
By 2017, crypto was booming, and people were trading on private exchanges. Bankman-Fried noticed that some coins were selling for higher prices on some exchanges than others. He realized he could use his arbitrage skills to exploit the gaps in prices.
kimchi
The gap in bitcoin prices between Asian and Western exchanges eventually became known as the Kimchi Premium.
By October of 2017, Bankman-Fried had set up his own crypto trading firm, Alameda Research, in Berkeley, California. His Alameda colleagues told Insider that he was adept at finding ways to move faster than other traders.
Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of FTX and Alameda Research

Source: Insider

At its peak, Alameda was moving almost $15 million a day between markets, according to Bloomberg. Bankman-Fried soon earned the nickname "the Moby Dick of crypto whales" for the waves he was making in the crypto industry.
The tail of a Sperm Whale be seen on a boat tour with tourists on December 07, 2010 in Kaikoura, South Island, New Zealand.
In 2018, he abruptly moved Alameda's team to Hong Kong, after realizing how lax the rules were compared to the United States. "I think we're losing $50,000 a day by not working out of Hong Kong instead of Berkeley," one of his colleagues who spoke to Insider recalled him saying.
Victoria harbour at morning, Hong Kong
Victoria harbour, Hong Kong

Source: Insider

As Bankman-Fried continued to rack up money from trading, his ambitions grew, too. He began entertaining thoughts of building an alternative to what he called the "shitshow exchanges" he was trading in between the years of 2017 and 2018.
Screenshot 2021 06 04 at 12.57.45
By the start of 2019, Bankman-Fried and his team were fervently working towards building their own crypto exchange. After four months coding, they launched FTX in May.
Young female engineer coding over laptop in IT startup company
FTX was a win. The platform boasted cost-effective features like low-trading fees and offered several types of coins for traders to bet on. FTX even allowed traders to swap cash as collateral for coins.
Sam Bankman-Fried FTX founder crypto exchange
In 2020, Bankman-Fried also opened a small US branch of FTX. He had designs of eventually taking a major slice of the U.S. crypto market and began lobbying Congress for new crypto rules a few times a year. He's also donated millions to pro-crypto super PAC, GMI PAC, according to Politico.
This is a photo of Sam Bankman-Fried looking to the side.
In September 2021, Bankman-Fried decided to move FTX's operations to the Bahamas. It was just a flight away from Miami, but the platform could still operate outside of the SEC's purview.
Crown Pigeon Island, Bahamas
FTX only takes a minor cut of every trade, but by 2020, an average of $1 billion was being traded daily on the platform, according to Bloomberg. In 2021 alone, Bankman-Fried raked in a profit of $350 million from FTX, and another $1 billion from Alameda, according to Bloomberg.
In this photo illustration, the FTX Crypto Derivatives Exchange logo is displayed on a smartphone screen and in the background.
Major investors like SoftBank Vision Fund, Tiger Global, Sequoia Capital, and BlackRock placed bets on FTX in funding rounds. By early 2022, FTX and its U.S. operations were valued by investors at a combined $40 billion, according to Forbes.
The logo of SoftBank Group Corp is displayed at SoftBank World 2017 conference in Tokyo, Japan, July 20, 2017.
At his peak, Bankman-Fried's own net worth was $26 billion, according to Bloomberg.
Sam Bankman-Fried FTX CEO crypto
He's allocated that wealth towards sponsorships, funding political leaders, and furthering his moral agenda.
Sam Bankman-Fried is shown sitting at a long white table having dinner with Anthony Scaramucci and Shark Tank investor Kevin O'Leary.
He suddenly emerged as a major political donor in 2020 and spent over $10 million backing Joe Biden's presidential campaign, according to Politico. But Bankman-Fried actually made his political first donation back in 2010 to Democratic Senator Michael Bennet of Colorado, Politico reported.
Joe Biden
He spent over $40 million on campaigns in 2022, according to Federal Election Committee filings reviewed by Politico.
Stock photo of a voting booth
He's made donations on both sides of the political aisle though the majority of his funding has skewed towards Democratic leaders. The Los Angeles Times reported that Bankman-Fried has given $1 million to the Senate Majority PAC and $6 million to the House Majority PAC— two super PACs that are dedicated to keeping Congress in the hands of Democrats. He also funded Protect Our Future, a Super PAC that focuses exclusively on Democratic House primaries, according to Politico.
Democratic Party
He's made COVID-19 prevention a top issue as the principle funder of Guarding Against Pandemics, a nonprofit run by his brother Gabe, according to Politico.
Frost speaks at the fundraiser as Guarding Against Pandemics Director Gabe Bankman-Fried and Progressive Change Campaign Committee founders Stephanie Taylor and Adam Green look on in Washington, DC on May 10, 2022.
A fundraiser for Guarding Against Pandemics.
Bankman-Fried has said his donations are about furthering his larger belief in effective altruism. He told Bloomberg that he would eventually only keep 1% of his income or a minimum of $100,000 a year.
gettyimages 1232817889 594x594
His simple lifestyle, too, follows the ideas of effective altruism. He drives a Toyota Corolla, lives with roommates, and is vegan.
The 2020 Toyota Corolla.
The 2020 Toyota Corolla.
At the same time, he's funneled money into flashy corporate sponsorships. His most notable is acquiring naming rights for the Miami Heat's arena which will cost him about $135 million over 19 years, according to Bloomberg.
miami heat fans empty arena
He also spent about $30 million airing an ad in the 2022 Super Bowl with the comedian Larry David, according to Bloomberg.
FTX commercial starring Larry David
FTX commercial starring Larry David
Through FTX, Bankman-Fried has also forged deals with major basketball teams like the Washington Wizards and Golden State Warriors. FTX has also struck deals with individual athletes like basketball player Steph Curry and quarterback Tom Brady.
Steph Curry in FTX commercial
Steph Curry in FTX commercial
Bankman-Fried seemed unstoppable— until he wasn't. In early November, the crypto publication CoinDesk reported a leaked balance sheet that showed that Alameda Research was on unstable grounds.
Illustration photo shows a smart phone screen displaying the logo of FTX, the crypto exchange platform, with a screen showing the FTX website
The report revealed that most of Alameda's assets were tied up in FTX's in-house token, FTT. With the broader crypto market already reeling, traders began worrying about a sudden drop in the value of FTT.
FTX
Changpeng Zhao, who runs Binance, FTX's rival exchange, announced shortly after that Binance would be selling its holdings of FTT. With that traders across the board began rushing to withdraw their own holdings off of FTX's platform. Bankman-Fried had no choice but to ask Binance to bail FTX out.
binance ceo changpeng zhao
By Wednesday, Binance had walked away from the deal. Bankman-Fried's own assets have dropped 94% and his net worth plummeted to around $1 billion, according to Bloomberg. It's likely that FTX's own customers are going to pay for the fallout.
Chao Zhengpeng and Sam Bankman-Fried.
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