But in his first term, he made history in a way he may wish to forget: He was the first president since Gallup began tracking presidential job approval in the 1930s to fail to exceed a 50% approval rating at any point during his term.
In Gallup's latest poll, conducted during the first half of May, 43% of respondents said they approved of Trump's performance, down from 47% in polling conducted during the first six days of his second term in January.
In the recent poll, 53% said they disapproved of his handling of the presidency. This number has held steady since March, a month rocked by leaked Signal chats and the economic shake-up of tariff policies. (A handful of people in each poll said they had no opinion of Trump's job performance.)
For nearly a century, the polls have been used to measure the public's perception of US presidents' performance, with Gallup asking Americans: "Do you approve or disapprove of the way [the current president] is handling his job as president?"
The American Presidency Project from the University of California, Santa Barbara, compiled the final Gallup ratings of each president's term from the past 70 years, signaling how popular each leader was when they left the Oval Office.
See how US presidents from Harry Truman to Joe Biden rank in this end-of-term polling. We've ordered them from the lowest approval rating to the highest.
Richard Nixon
Nixon had the lowest approval ratings by the end of his presidency, days before he resigned.
AP Images
Approval rating: 24%
Even though Nixon won the 1972 election in a historic landslide, the end of his presidency was tainted by the Watergate scandal that led him to resign on August 9, 1974, when faced with the threat of an impeachment and removal.
Surveyed August 2 to 5, 1974, after the House Judiciary Committee passed articles of impeachment against the president but before he resigned, 66% of respondents to the Gallup poll said they disapproved of Nixon's presidency, the highest of any president on the list.
Harry S. Truman
Truman received the second-lowest approval ratings at the end of his second term.
Bettmann/Getty Images
Approval rating: 32%
Assuming the presidency after Franklin D. Roosevelt's death, Truman served two terms covering the aftermath of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, including the Korean War, which was widely unpopular and contributed to Truman's low approval rating by the end of his second term in 1953.
When asked December 11 to 16, 1952, 56% of poll respondents said they disapproved of his handling of the presidency.
Jimmy Carter
More than half of the poll respondents in December 1980 said they disapproved of Carter's presidency.
Bettmann/Getty
Approval rating: 34%
Carter had high approval ratings — and a disapproval rating in the single digits — during the early days of his term, but his handling of international affairs, such as the Iran hostage crisis in 1979, along with a struggling economy, ultimately made him unpopular by the end of his term.
He lost the 1980 election to Ronald Reagan and faced a disapproval rating of 55% in polling conducted December 5 to 8, when he was readying to leave the White House.
George W. Bush
By the end of his term, Bush had the third-worst disapproval rating out of the presidents listed.
Getty
Approval rating: 34%
Despite uniting the nation in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, Bush saw his public approval fade during his second term. His approval rating spiked after the 2001 terrorist attacks, the beginning of the Iraq War in 2003, and the capture of Saddam Hussein.
After his reelection, his popularity began to decline as the Iraq War extended. His handling of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the onset of the 2008 financial crisis also contributed to his growing unpopularity.
From January 9 to 11, 2009, as Bush prepared to hand over the presidency to Barack Obama, 61% of poll respondents said they disapproved of his handling of the presidency.
Donald Trump
Trump's disapproval rating at the end of his first term came second only to Richard Nixon's before he resigned.
Andrew Harnik/Getty Images
Approval rating: 34%
Trump's presidency was divisive from the start, as he entered the White House with an approval rating below 50%. He's the first president in modern history to never exceed 50% approval on the Gallup polls during his presidency.
While his approval ratings dwindled over the course of his four years in office, his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in particular came under scrutiny ahead of his loss in the 2020 election. His lowest approval ratings in office came during the final Gallup poll, conducted January 4 to 15, 2021.
Most of that polling period took place immediately after the Capitol insurrection on January 6, and Trump faced a disapproval rating of 62%, the worst after Richard Nixon's at the time he left the office.
Joe Biden
Biden's approval rating was 40% by the time he left the White House.
Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
Approval rating: 40%
While Biden saw continuous approval ratings over 50% during his first six months in office, rises in inflation and illegal immigration, as well as the wars in Ukraine and Gaza, contributed to lowering approval ratings.
His lowest-ranking Gallup poll, in which 36% of respondents said they approved of his handling of the role, came in July 2024, a month after his debate performance against Trump shifted focus toward his age and fitness for office.
As he left office, in polls collected January 2 to 16, 2025, Biden received a disapproval rating of 54%.
Lyndon B. Johnson
Johnson had the second-highest percentage of "no opinion" responses by the end of his term.
AP Photo
Approval rating: 49%
After assuming the presidency because of John F. Kennedy's assassination, Johnson won the 1964 election in a historic landslide, but he faced decreasing approval ratings over his handling of the Vietnam War.
Low approval ratings, along with a divided party, led Johnson to withdraw from the presidential race in 1968. At the time of his withdrawal, 36% of poll respondents said they approved of his handling of the presidency.
By the time he left the office, however, his ratings had gone up to 49% approval. In polling conducted January 1 to 6, 1969, 37% of respondents said they disapproved of his handling of the role, and 14% said they had no opinion, one of the higher percentages among the listed presidents.
Gerald Ford
Ford had the highest percentage of "no opinion" responses in the Gallup polls.
AP Photo
Approval rating: 53%
Assuming the presidency at the time of Nixon's resignation, Ford served as US president from August 1974 until January 1977, after he lost the election to Jimmy Carter.
During his presidency, Ford faced mixed reviews, with his approval dropping after he pardoned Nixon and introduced conditional amnesty for draft dodgers in September 1974.
Polled December 10 to 13, 1976, after he had lost the reelection to Jimmy Carter, 32% of respondents said they disapproved of Ford's handling of the presidency, and 15% said they had no opinion on it, the highest percentage of the listed presidents.
George H. W. Bush
Though he lost his reelection bid, Bush had a high approval rating by the end of his presidency.
AP
Approval rating: 56%
Though the elder Bush lost his reelection bid in the 1992 presidential election against Bill Clinton, the public opinion of him was positive by the end of his term.
In the weeks before his nomination as the Republican candidate for the presidency in 1992, however, he had only a 29% approval rating, the lowest of his presidency. A recession and a reversal of his tax policy contributed to his drop in popularity.
In polling conducted January 8 to 11, 1993, 37% of respondents said they disapproved of his handling of the presidency, while 56% said they approved.
Barack Obama
At his lowest polling, Obama had a 37% approval rate, which rose to 59% by the time he left the Oval Office.
Reuters
Approval rating: 59%
Since the beginning of his presidency in 2009, Obama had a high approval rating for a modern-day president; he averaged nearly 47% approval over eight years.
At his lowest point, in polling conducted September 8 to 11, 2011, 37% of poll respondents said they approved of his presidency, the decline most likely influenced by the president's healthcare policies and his handling of the 2008 economic crisis and the following rise in unemployment rates.
In polls conducted January 17 to 19, 2017, when Obama was leaving office, 37% of respondents said they disapproved of his handling of the role, with 59% saying they approved.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Of the presidents listed, Eisenhower had the lowest disapproval ratings when he left the White House.
Fox Photos/Getty Images
Approval rating: 59%
After winning the 1952 election in a landslide, Eisenhower saw high approval ratings throughout his presidency, never dropping below the disapproval rating.
Holding office during critical Cold War years, Eisenhower saw his stay positive throughout the end of his second term, with only 28% of respondents polled December 8 to 13, 1960, saying they disapproved of his handling of the presidency, the lowest of the presidents listed.
Ronald Reagan
Reagan enjoyed high approval ratings during his presidency, leading to the election of George H. W. Bush as his successor.
Scott Stewart, file via AP
Approval rating: 63%
Reagan's strong leadership toward ending the Cold War and implementing his economic policies contributed to consistently positive ratings during his presidency and the subsequent election of his vice president, George H. W. Bush, as his successor to the presidency.
By the time he left office, 29% of respondents in a Gallup poll conducted December 27 to 29, 1988, said they disapproved of his handling of the presidency.
Bill Clinton
Clinton had the highest approval ratings by the time he left office, despite his impeachment in the House.
REUTERS
Approval rating: 66%
After winning the 1992 elections against the incumbent George H. W. Bush, Clinton saw high approval ratings throughout his presidency, though he faced mixed opinions at times during his first term because of his domestic agenda, including tax policy and social issues.
Despite being impeached in 1998 by the House of Representatives over his testimony describing the nature of his relationship with Monica Lewinsky, Clinton continued to see positive approval ratings during his second term.
Near the time he left the White House, he had an approval rating of 66%, the highest of all the presidents on this list. In the poll conducted January 10 to 14, 2001, 29% of respondents said they disapproved of his handling of the presidency.
Eve Jobs is the youngest child of late Apple cofounder Steve Jobs.
She is a Stanford University alum, model, and equestrian.
Jobs has been described as a "funny firecracker" and poked fun at the iPhone 14 in 2022.
Steve Jobs once described his youngest daughter, Eve Jobs, as "a pistol" with "the strongest will of any kid I've ever met."
While she didn't take her talents to Silicon Valley, Eve Jobs has made a name for herself outside the tech world as an equestrian and model.
Here's an overview of her family, career, and connection to her famous father.
DNA Model Management, which represents Jobs, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Eve Jobs, the youngest child of Steve Jobs and Laurene Powell-Jobs, was born in 1998.
Eve Jobs in New York City.
Lexie Moreland/WWD via Getty Images
Jobs, 26, has three older siblings named Reed, Erin, and Lisa.
She was 13 when their father died in October 2011.
In high school, Jobs balanced equestrian sports in Florida with applying to colleges and attending high school in California.
Eve Jobs competed at the Longines Masters of Los Angeles in 2015.
Axelle/Bauer-Griffin/Getty Images
Jobs said her school allowed her to make up for missed classes through Upper Echelon Academy, a tutoring program based in Wellington, Florida.
"It took me a long time to figure out how to balance friends, school, and riding, but through the years I figured out the best way to make it all work is to prioritize what is most important to you," Jobs said in a 2016 interview with Upper Echelon Academy. The interview has since been removed from Upper Echelon Academy's website, but an archived version is still available online.
Jobs graduated from Stanford University in 2021, the same school where her parents met.
Stanford University.
Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
Jobs majored in science, technology, and society, Elle reported.
Jobs is an accomplished equestrian who once hoped to compete in the Olympics.
Eve Jobs (second from right) celebrated a bronze medal win with her teammates at the 2019 Pan-American Games.
LUKA GONZALES/AFP via Getty Images
In 2016, Jobs' mother bought a $15 million ranch in Wellington, Florida, where she frequently competed and trained with Missy Clark.
The Daily Mail reported that the ranch included a barn big enough for 20 horses and a show-jumping training rink. Jobs also bought a stallion named Chill RZ in 2016.
Jobs told World of Showjumping in 2020 that competing in the Olympics and the World Equestrian Games "would be a dream." After the Tokyo Olympics were postponed due to COVID-19, she decided to pursue other avenues.
"I had done everything I wanted to achieve in the sport, and I just felt at peace," she told Vanity Fair in 2022.
In May, she returned to the sport to compete in the Royal Windsor Horse Show.
"So grateful to be back jumping at this level," she wrote on Instagram.
Jobs isn't the only famous heiress to take up equestrian sports. Other famous show jumpers include Michael Bloomberg's daughter Georgina, Bill Gates' daughter Jennifer, Bruce Springsteen's daughter Jessica, and Steven Spielberg's daughter Destry.
Jobs now works as a model represented by DNA Model Management.
Eve Jobs at Paris Fashion Week.
Arnold Jerocki/Getty Images for Louis Vuitton
Jobs made her modeling debut in 2020 in a Glossier ad campaign alongside "Euphoria" star Sydney Sweeney and "RuPaul's Drag Race" finalist Naomi Smalls.
She signed with DNA Model Management in 2022, which also represents stars such as Kaia Gerber and Emily Ratajkowski.
She has also been a regular guest at Paris Fashion Week since 2022.
She makes occasional appearances at red-carpet events such as the Met Gala and the Vanity Fair Oscar Party.
Eve Jobs at the Met Gala.
Dimitrios Kambouris/Getty Images
Jobs walked the Met Gala's red carpet in 2022 wearing a Louis Vuitton gown and posed for photos at the Vanity Fair Oscar Party in 2022 and 2023.
She also attended the WSJ Magazine 2023 Innovator Awards and the 2023 TIME100 Gala.
Jobs is reportedly engaged to Harry Charles, a British equestrian who won a gold medal at the Paris Olympics.
Great Britain's Harry Charles won gold in the Jumping Team Final at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
David Davies - PA Images/PA Images via Getty Images
Jobs made their relationship Instagram official when she posted photos with Charles during the 2024 Paris Olympics.
Page Six reported that their wedding will be held in August in the Cotswolds in England.
While Jobs has pursued career paths outside tech, she has occasionally weighed in on Apple product launches.
Eve Jobs at the 2023 WSJ Magazine Innovator Awards.
Dia Dipasupil/Getty Images
Jobs made headlines in 2022 when she posted a meme poking fun at Apple's iPhone 14 reveal, hinting it wasn't much different than the previous model.
In the biography "Steve Jobs," Walter Isaacson describes Eve Jobs as growing up to become "a strong-willed, funny firecracker" who knew how to take on her famous father.
Steve Jobs.
Alessia Pierdomenico/Reuters
Isaacson wrote in the 2011 biography that Jobs would even call her father's assistant at work to ensure that she was "put on his calendar."
When it comes to the future, Isaacson wrote that Steve Jobs joked that he could envision her running Apple or becoming president of the United States.
"She's a pistol and has the strongest will of any kid I've ever met," her father told Isaacson.
Jasmine James' new collection came in collaboration with anime-streaming platform Crunchyroll.
Fira X Wear, Crunchyroll
Jasmine James launched a small anime-inspired clothing brand in 2021.
She was worried it wouldn't be viewed as a serious business.
Now, Crunchyroll, the world's biggest anime streaming platform, is tapping her for a collaboration.
In 2021, during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Atlanta-based game concept artist Jasmine James was trying to stay creative.
James, who runs the Instagram cosplay account Cutiepiesensei with over 500,000 followers, realized there wasn't much practical, anime-inspired clothing in the market. Anime-inspired fashion, she told Business Insider, was largely restricted to huge men's jackets or merchandise items that weren't wearable on a daily basis.
So James and her husband spent more than $30,000 of their savings to launch Fira X Wear, a swimwear brand that blends cosplay elements with practical apparel.
Since its initial launch, the brand's product range has expanded to include leisurewear. James left her game concept art job last year to focus on the brand full time.
Now, the Netflix of anime, streaming platform Crunchyroll, is collaborating with James to launch a clothing collection inspired by the "My Hero Academia" anime series. Crunchyroll has around 17 million subscribers globally, the platform told BI.
Jasmine James' new collection came in collaboration with anime-streaming platform Crunchyroll.
Fira X Wear, Crunchyroll
Fira X Wear's first drop, which has been in the making for a year, includes four items: a cropped jacket, a romper, a sweatshirt, and a pair of sweatpants. Two more product drops will follow.
"Anime fans love to wear their fandom on their sleeve — literally," Crunchyroll's global vice president of consumer products, Anna Songco Adamian, told BI.
"Fira X Wear and this collaboration is the culmination of all of that: professional design, craftsmanship, and fandom, blended into a wearable collection," Adamian said.
Running Fira X Wear
The first drop of the Fira X Wear collab with Crunchyroll features four products.
Fira X Wear, Crunchyroll
James was initially worried people wouldn't consider her brand a "serious business," given its pop-culture and cosplay-inspired roots. But she hopes that'll change — and that people will see how commercially viable anime is.
"I feel like people think it's kiddish or only a certain age group is into it, without realizing that a lot of us, especially people in my age group, grew up with anime," James, 32, said.
James said she didn't have a traditional fashion design background when she started her brand, apart from putting together her cosplay outfits.
But she had plenty of experience making skins — alternative outfits and designs — for characters in video games.
"I had to learn what colors and what silhouettes are visible from across the map. Because when you're playing, you have to be able to know who it is and know what their abilities are," James said.
"So it taught me just the importance of color and shape and how to kind of apply those things in interesting ways to real life," she added.
She said having experience with character design allowed her to "create things that are a little bit more unique than the average fashion drop."
When deciding on pricing, James said she wanted her brand to be premium but still affordable.
"When you initially go into anime or pop cultural merch, a lot of it can feel very cheap. On the other hand, you'll see very expensive designer launches. But everybody can't afford a $30,000 Gucci outfit to look like their favorite anime character," James said.
Fira X Wear's swimwear, including tops and bottoms, costs roughly $50 each, and the hoodies are around $110.
James hopes to expand her brand globally and design a collection of high-end pieces with more detailing.
"There are plenty of times where I'll go into full character concept artist mode, and I'm clearly creating something that would be extremely expensive to produce," James said.
For now, she's excited about her collaboration with Crunchyroll.
"To have them look at what I've been doing on social media and look at my designs and instantly be like, yeah, we want to put our names alongside that, it's a huge honor for me," James said.
Dr. Reed Caldwell rates scenes from the Max medical drama "The Pitt," starring Noah Wyle.
He breaks down the show's portrayal of performing CPR and end-of-life care, handling surgical tools, treating disorders like sickle cell disease and measles, managing overwhelmed waiting rooms, and caring for victims of mass casualty events. Finally, he talks about the show's depiction of what working in a hospital has been like following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Caldwell is the chief of the emergency department at NYU Langone's Tisch Hospital in Manhattan, the Perelman Center for Emergency Services. He has been working in emergency medicine since 1999.
I tried four-piece chicken tender meals from Chick-fil-A and McDonald's, and only one chain truly impressed me.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
McDonald's recently launched chicken tenders after removing them from menus in 2020.
I compared its four-piece chicken tender meal to the same meal from Chick-fil-A.
Both tenders impressed me — I preferred Chick-fil-A's meal but McDonald's was better value.
In a chicken-tender battle between Chick-fil-A and McDonald's, the chicken chain could be considered the heavyweight.
Chick-fil-A's tenders have been a mainstay of its menu for years, and the chain has an army of devoted fans, many of whom are Gen Z, a key market that fast-food and casual-dining chains are targeting.
But McDonald's is coming out swinging. It launched its new McCrispy Strips on May 5, marking the first time chicken strips have been on the menu since the COVID-19 pandemic.
I decided to compare the chains' chicken tender meals to see if McDonald's is a serious contender in the chicken-tender battle — and if it might even lure some Chick-fil-A fans away.
Here's how chicken tender meals from McDonald's and Chick-fil-A compare in terms of taste and value.
McDonald's recently launched chicken strips as part of its McCrispy line of products, which also includes the chain's chicken sandwich.
McDonald's four-piece chicken strip meal comes with fries, a drink, and a sauce.
I ordered a four-piece chicken strip meal, which came with a medium order of fries, a medium drink, and two sauces. I chose the chain's creamy chili sauce, which was launched alongside the chicken strips for pairing.
For my drink, I ordered a Diet Coke from both chains.
The cost of my meal at McDonald's came to $16.59, excluding tax and fees.
The chicken strips came in a cardboard carton.
The chicken strips were about the length of my hand.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
The chicken strips were large and evenly coated in crispy breading. Unlike other chains' chicken tenders, these ones wouldn't exactly be described as flaky. They're more similar to a very long chicken nugget.
Until now, chicken tenders have failed to return to menus, despite fans' pleas to bring them back.
Each bite was evenly coated in well-seasoned, peppery breading. The strips paired excellently with the creamy chili dipping sauce.
The chicken strips were crispy yet juicy.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
The chain's new creamy chili sauce was created to go with the new chicken strips, and they paired well.
The sauce tasted similar to a Sriracha aioli and added just the right amount of spice without being too overwhelming. The creamy dipping sauce clung to every crevice of the chicken strip, ensuring maximum flavor.
The meat inside the tender was a little lacking, however.
The chicken tenders were less tender than I remembered.
The chicken tenders were slightly thinner and had less shreddable chicken than I remembered from my first taste test, suggesting the quality could be subject to change based on the batch you get. However, I still really enjoyed them.
The meal also came with fries and a drink.
The meal from McDonald's came with fries and a drink.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
Though some might argue that all Diet Cokes taste the same, I disagree. I'm a huge fan of McDonald's Diet Coke, which comes with just the right amount of ice and is always perfectly refreshing.
The fries also impressed me — they were salty and crispy, and also paired well with the creamy chili dipping sauce.
I also ordered a four-piece chicken tender meal from Chick-fil-A.
The meal from Chick-fil-A came with four tenders, waffle fries, a drink, and multiple sauces.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
Chick-fil-A has been selling its beloved chicken tenders since 1989, though it didn't launch the chain's signature sauce until the early 2000s.
The meal cost $19.89, excluding tax and fees. It came with a medium drink, a medium order of waffle fries, and three sauces.
The chicken tenders were evenly fried, but coated with loose, flaky pieces of breading.
The chicken tenders completely filled the cardboard box.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
At first glance, these tenders were noticeably thicker than the McDonald's chicken strips.
They also had a lighter, more golden color to them rather than the almost-brown color of the fried chicken strips from McDonald's.
The chicken strips paired well with the chain's signature sauce.
The meal came with the chain's signature Chick-fil-A sauce.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
The sauce was creamy and tangy, but didn't have the same kick as the chili sauce from McDonald's.
The chicken tenders really impressed me.
The chicken tenders were thick and filled with juicy chicken meat.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
They were crunchy yet filled with thick, juicy shreds of chicken meat. I was surprised to find I actually preferred the chicken tenders from Chick-fil-A over the ones from McDonald's.
The seasoning was peppery, like the breading on the McDonald's strips, but it had a slightly briny flavor, adding even more flavor. The chicken tenders were also much thicker, making the meal slightly more filling.
The meal came with crispy waffle fries.
The waffle fries were crispy yet pillowy.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
The waffle fries were crispy yet pillowy — the potato inside seemed fluffier than the potato in McDonald's fries, which were more heavily fried.
They were also an ideal vehicle for the Chick-fil-A sauce — I was able to practically scoop it up with the fries, which was mouthwatering.
I had to give the win to Chick-fil-A, though I still thought McDonald's offered excellent value.
I preferred Chick-fil-A's tenders and fries, but thought the meal was a little pricey.
Erin McDowell/Business Insider
I preferred Chick-fil-A's thick and juicy chicken tenders to McDonald's's more heavily fried, crispy tenders.
I also liked the fluffy waffle fries in the Chick-fil-A meal more than the crunchy fries from McDonald's. They were a better vehicle for the chain's signature sauce.
However — shocking, I know — I actually preferred the creamy chili sauce from McDonald's. It packed more flavor than the Chick-fil-A sauce, thanks to the slight kick from the chili peppers, but it was still creamy enough to evenly coat the chicken strips.
When it came down to value, I thought McDonald's won. The Chick-fil-A meal was over $3 more expensive than the McDonald's meal. In terms of value, it had the chicken chain beat.
In terms of flavor, though, I had to give the win to Chick-fil-A's thick, flavorful, and briny tenders.
"There's so many things moving out there, from deficits to geopolitics, to trade. It's complex, and something can go wrong," JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon said of the market.
Noam Galai via Getty Images
Jamie Dimon said people are getting complacent about the market.
Dimon said the "odds of that are lower than other people think" and they could be in for a surprise.
"Big Short" investor Steve Eisman said the market was underestimating the impact of Trump's tariffs.
JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon said people could be in for a surprise when they realize that the market is not doing as well as they think.
Dimon was speaking to Fox Business' Maria Bartiromo for an interview filmed on Friday, which aired on Monday. During the sit-down, Bartiromo asked him about his thoughts on how the markets are doing.
"Complacent. Prices are high. Things are going okay. Prices are kind of working to a soft landing. I hope that's true. I just think the odds of that are lower than other people think, and that they are gonna surprise," Dimon told Bartiromo.
"There's so many things moving out there, from deficits to geopolitics, to trade. It's complex, and something can go wrong. And when things do, you usually get surprised," he continued.
A representative for Dimon did not respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.
Dimon had made a similar warning when he spoke at the Reagan National Economic Forum on Friday. Dimon said the US is headed for a "crack in the bond market" because it "massively overdid" spending and quantitative easing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
"It is going to happen," Dimon told forum attendees.
"I just don't know if it's going to be a crisis in six months or six years, and I'm hoping that we change both the trajectory of the debt and the ability of market makers to make markets," he added.
But Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent disagreed with Dimon.
"I've known Jamie a long time and for his entire career he's made predictions like this. Fortunately, none of them have come true," Bessent said in an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation" on Sunday.
"That's why he's a banker, a great banker. He tries to look around the corner," Bessent continued.
House Republicans passed President Donald Trump's "big beautiful bill" on May 22. GOP lawmakers hope the bill, which is now with the Senate, will be reach Trump's desk on July 4.
The Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget said the bill, in its current form, will increase the deficit by $2.5 trillion over the next 10 years.
Bessent, however, said the Trump administration plans to reduce the deficit and "leave the country in great shape in 2028."
"So the deficit this year is going to be lower than the deficit last year, and in two years it will be lower again. We are going to bring the deficit down slowly. We didn't get here in one year, and this has been a long process," he told CBS on Sunday.
To be sure, Dimon isn't the only one who thinks the market has grown complacent.
On Monday, "Big Short" investor Steve Eisman told CNBC's "Fast Money" that the market has "gotten pretty complacent" about tariffs.
"I have one concern, and that's tariffs. That's it," Eisman said, adding that trade negotiations with Europe will be "incredibly complicated."
"And I don't know what's going to happen with China. I just don't know how to handicap this because it's just too many balls in the air," he continued.
Indienne transformed a 19th-century printing press into a fine-dining destination in Chicago's River North neighborhood.
Evan Jenkins for BI
Sujan Sarker is the head chef of Indienne, the first Michelin-starred Indian restaurant in Chicago.
Sarker told BI he focuses on consistency and cost control amid economic uncertainties.
This article is part of "Made to Order," a series highlighting the business strategies driving today's food industry.
Behind the plush seats and pastel-pink interior of Chicago's first Michelin-starred Indian restaurant — and one of the rare Indian fine-dining tasting menus in the US — was a risk.
While restaurants continued to shutter or pivot in 2022 because of COVID-19, Indienne opened its doors.
"That was, I think, the biggest risk I've taken," said Sujan Sarkar, Indienne's chef and co-owner, who has more than 22 years of experience opening and managing restaurants around the world.
Sarkar told Business Insider that throughout the pandemic, the restaurant's vision — to spread a new Indian-food movement backed by high-end, flavorful dishes — stayed the same. "It can be profitable," he said. "We can build a successful business if we are consistent."
But today's turbulent market, while different from the pandemic's, presents fresh challenges. The Economic Research Service's Food Price Outlook predicts that food costs will increase by 3.5% in 2025, and supply chains show no sign of easing up anytime soon.
For Sarkar, it's all about sticking to what's worked in the past. "We have to be sensible about everything, because the diners who are coming to dine in our restaurant are coming for something that we are known for," Sarkar said. "We are seeing that people are really appreciating what we do, and that's why the business is also sustainable, even though the cost is rising."
BI spoke with Sarkar about his plans for navigating economic pressures and how fine dining could adapt to stay ahead.
The following has been edited for length and clarity.
Sujan Sarkar opened Indienne after launching Baar Baar in New York City and Rooh in San Francisco.
Evan Jenkins for BI
Business Insider: Global trade negotiations and rising inflation continue to affect the economy. How are you navigating these uncertainties, especially as a chef whose work is so deeply global in flavor and sourcing?
Sujan Sarkar: We run four different tasting menus. We have nonvegetatian, vegetarian, vegan, and pescatarian. With the vegan menu, my cost is lower than the nonvegetarian menu because of no protein.
Our vegetarian and vegan menus do not include caviar, scallops, or lamb. When diners choose these menus, the price is only a $10 or $15 difference from the nonvegetarian menu. But when they opt for this, my profitability goes up because the food costs are lower. We also always offer a supplement course that people can add to their tasting for $15 to $24 extra.
I don't do last-minute makeshift dishes. So if you read a menu before you come, it's much easier for you and for me as a business. When we have the planning in place, we can control the cost. If my restaurant is full, I can manage because I know how much business we'll do, and my forecasting is much easier. I also have four other restaurants in the city. We share a lot of resources, and that also helps us cut costs.
Sarkar told BI that creativity is key to varying the four tasting menus and keeping ingredient costs in check.
Evan Jenkins for BI
How does simplicity and seasonality play into how adaptable you've been as a restaurant?
An example is how we work with farmers to get baby corn. I purchase a guaranteed minimum quantity of baby corn every week so I can get better pricing and farmers can have secure revenue. It's local and seasonal, which keeps my costs down and also gives the farmers business.
We don't grow a lot of vegetables here in the winter, so I have to rely on people from California who can get them.
But I can't only give them business in the winter — there isn't a written contract, but there's an understanding that I will give them yearlong business. So they are also doing things for us, like sourcing baby vegetables, micro herbs, and edible flowers. That way, the menu can be consistent, and we can set its cost.
How has Indienne's dining experience evolved in today's price-sensitive market?
"Hospitality is very important. All our guests, we value them," Sarkar said.
Evan Jenkins for BI
Restaurants are going from highly priced menus to something affordable. We did just the opposite. We used to do a tasting and an à la carte menu when we started, but now we are only a tasting restaurant.
We are not creating a lower-priced menu to attract more diners. But almost a month ago, I opened a new restaurant called Nadu, where you can get food that is only à la carte.
We just took a different route at Indienne, but the people going appreciate that more because they know exactly what they're coming and paying for. We're getting an overwhelming response. It's still Indian food, but a much simpler version. Still, everything is cooked in-house, everything is flavorful, but now it's as close to our traditional Indian dishes as possible.
What advice would you give to emerging chefs or restaurateurs trying to build something ambitious in a time when margins may be tighter than ever?
Indienne has three wine-pairing tiers, as well as a nonalcoholic pairing option, which is made in-house.
Evan Jenkins for BI
I've waited almost 21 years to open Indienne. I could have opened before — I opened restaurants in so many different countries and all over America — but you have to be sure about what you're doing. It's not only about you when you open a restaurant. There are a lot of people who are going to trust you. If you fail, they fail as well.
You may be good at cooking, but that's only 30% of any restaurant. You have to learn so many other things. Your people-management skills, your accounting skills, your interpersonal skills, your PR — everything comes into play.
The restaurant business is very volatile, and the profit margin is getting limited every day. It's not easy, but just wait for the right time and get the right people by your side: investors, teammates, your mentor — everyone.
"I've known Jamie a long time and for his entire career he's made predictions like this. Fortunately, none of them have come true," Scott Bessent said of Jamie Dimon.
Allison Robbert/AFP via Getty Images; Noam Galai via Getty Images
Jamie Dimon, JPMorgan's CEO, predicted the US is headed for a "crack in the bond market."
But Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said Dimon is wrong.
Bessent said Dimon has often made "predictions like this" and "none of them have come true."
"I've known Jamie a long time and for his entire career he's made predictions like this. Fortunately, none of them have come true. That's why he's a banker, a great banker. He tries to look around the corner," Bessent said in an interview on CBS' "Face the Nation."
Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan, told attendees at the Reagan National Economic Forum on Friday that the US "massively overdid" spending and quantitative easing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dimon predicted this will lead to a "crack in the bond market."
"It is going to happen," Dimon said on Friday.
"I just don't know if it's going to be a crisis in six months or six years, and I'm hoping that we change both the trajectory of the debt and the ability of market makers to make markets," he added.
Bessent said the government is working on shrinking its deficit, and the administration intends to "leave the country in great shape in 2028."
"So the deficit this year is going to be lower than the deficit last year, and in two years it will be lower again. We are going to bring the deficit down slowly. We didn't get here in one year, and this has been a long process," Bessent told CBS.
Last month, House Republicans passed President Donald Trump's "big beautiful bill." The bill, in its current form, is expected to raise the deficit by $2.5 trillion over the next 10 years, per the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.
The bill is now with the Senate, and GOP lawmakers hope to have it on Trump's desk by July 4.
Dimon isn't the only one who has raised concerns about the US deficit.
"I was, like, disappointed to see the massive spending bill, frankly, which increases the budget deficit, not just decrease it, and undermines the work that the DOGE team is doing," Musk said.
Musk was the leader of the White House DOGE office from January to May. He announced his departure from the Trump administration on Wednesday.
"I think a bill can be big or it could be beautiful. But I don't know if it could be both," Musk told CBS.
Representatives for Dimon and Bessent did not respond to requests for comment from Business Insider.