A woman walks by a Starbucks coffee shop in Manhattan on April 4.
Spencer Platt/Getty Images
New York City is suing Starbucks for allegedly firing an employee and union organizer in Queens.
The Department of Consumer and Worker Protection is seeking reinstatement, civil penalties, restitution, and back pay for the staffer.
"Starbucks continues to wrongfully fire pro-union workers nationwide in retaliation for union organizing," the fired employee said in a statement.
New York City filed a lawsuit against Starbucks on Friday, alleging the coffee chain wrongfully terminated an employee and union organizer.
The New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP) claims Starbucks violated just cause protections when it fired longtime barista Austin Locke from a Queens store on July 5, just under a month after the location voted to join a union. As part of the suit, DCWP is advocating for Locke's reinstatement, as well as seeking civil penalties, restitution, and back pay.
According to the lawsuit, Locke was told that he was fired for not filling out a COVID-19 questionnaire administered by the company, as well as falsely reporting a supervisor for making unwanted physical contact with him. The incidents took place shortly after the store's union vote, Reuters reported.
In a statement on Friday, DCWP Commissioner Vilda Vera Mayuga said the organization "stands ready to fight for the dignity and respect that all workers deserve from their employers."
"As we approach Labor Day, it's important to remember that workers are the backbone of our city and deserve the right to organize to promote safer and fairer work practices," Mayuga said.
The lawsuit comes amid a growing unionization effort among Starbucks employees around the nation, following the formation of the company's first union at an upstate New York store in December 2021.
Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz has also openly spoken against unionization efforts several times, including saying the company was "being assaulted by the threat of unionization," during his first townhall as reinstated interim chief executive in April.
In a statement, Locke urged Starbucks to "rehire all illegally fired workers and put an end to their illegal union-busting campaign."
"It's been a year since the campaign with Starbucks Workers United began at a Starbucks in Buffalo, NY," Locke said. "There are now 235 unionized Starbucks around the country. Starbucks continues to wrongfully fire pro-union workers nationwide in retaliation for union organizing."
Starbucks did not immediately respond to a request to comment from Insider.
But in the months of secret negotiations between Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Senator Joe Manchin that eventually turned President Biden's huge Big Back Better bill into the leaner Inflation Reduction Act, a number of important economic policies, including quality, affordable childcare and a federal paid family and medical leave, were cut.
Those popularpolicies should be moved to the top of the priority list for Democrats moving forward. After all, if they've learned anything over the last month of victories, it's that doing popular things is popular.
Quality, affordable childcare can help close the gender pay gap
We saw in the early days of the pandemic that the American economy collapses if families don't have access to quality, affordable childcare.
More than 2 million women — almost half of whom were women of color — dropped out of the workforce in 2020, when lockdowns shuttered schools and children had to stay home. And while that's the most dramatic and obvious representation of how important childcare is to a functioning workforce, millions of women have for decades paid the economic cost of our nation's lack of basic support for families with children.
A recent World Economic Forum report showed that 80% of the gender pay gap is made up of the "motherhood penalty," in which women's paychecks start to shrink compared to their male peers after they have children.
Policies enacting or subsidizing quality, affordable childcare would help close the gender pay gap in two ways: First, its reliability would level the playing field between working mothers and men who aren't stereotypically expected to sacrifice their jobs for parenthood in the same way that women are. And second, the Build Back Better Act expanded access to preschool and limited costs of childcare while also raising the wages of childcare providers — 95% of whom are women.
Paid leave boosts the economy and ensures better outcomes for children
A federal paid-family-leave program, on the other hand, would make it easier for parents to stay home with sick children. But the long-term effects of the policy could also change millions of lives: Studies have shown that paid family leave could lower the amount of infant deaths per year, lower the risk of poverty for mothers, and increase the average household income. It would also allow more women to fully participate in the economy, creating jobs with their consumer spending.
And if lawmakers were serious about improving outcomes for all children, they would also revive the child tax credit, which cut child poverty by nearly 30%. This program, which sent every parent monthly payments of $250 to $300 per child, immediately raised almost 3 million children out of poverty, making it one of the most efficient and successful antipoverty programs in United States history.
In order to show real progress to the American people, Democratic lawmakers were forced to make compromises with their own trickle-down colleagues. But just because Schumer couldn't get Manchin to agree on the importance of economically empowering women and providing quality care to all children doesn't mean that Democrats should give up on these policies. By ensuring that families can afford to have children, and that women can participate fully in the workforce without being penalized for their motherhood, Democrats will invest in the future by building an economy that truly works for everyone.
Air Force One carrying US President Joe Biden lands at Yokota Air Base in Fussa, Tokyo prefecture on May 22, 2022.
KAZUHIRO NOGI/AFP via Getty Images
Egypt bought an 11-year-old Boeing 747-8 from the planemaker and is modifying it for executive use.
The jumbo jet is practically new, having only flown a handful of flights since being built in 2011.
Several other countries operate 747 variants as VIP transport aircraft, like Turkey, Oman, and the US.
The beloved Boeing 747 may have lost interest from airlines but it lives on as a popular executive transport aircraft.
The mammoth 747 made its first commercial flight with Pan Am in 1970, launching the era of widebody, long-haul transit. Powered by four engines, the plane could fly across the Atlantic and, for the first time, made travel affordable for people other than just the rich and famous.
Now, after over half a century of production, Boeing's revolutionary 747 program will come to an end this year as the company builds its last-ever jumbo jet. The final plane — a 747-8 freighter — will go to cargo carrier Atlas Air.
Boeing 747 Factory Tour.
Taylor Rains/Insider
The plane's demise came as airlines started favoring more fuel-efficient twin-engine, widebody planes that could make the trek across the Atlantic, but at lower operating costs, like the Boeing 787 or the Airbus A350.
The 747-8 will replace the country's 28-year-old Airbus A340 government plane.
To fly as an executive jet, SU-EGY needs some modifications. According to Simple Flying, the jet was sent to Hamburg for an interior outfit by maintenance, repair, and overhaul services company Lufthansa Technik.
After what appears to be about nine months of cabin work, the 747 then flew from Hamburg to Shannon, Ireland, per FlightAware data, to get a new paint job.
The company doing the work is International Aerospace Coatings (IAC), which has completed projects like United Airlines' Star Wars-themed livery on a 737-800 and Allegiant Air's Las Vegas Golden Knights paint job on an A319.
Inside the master bedroom of a Boeing Business Jet 747-8i.
Cabinet Alberto Pinto
Soon, Egypt will join the myriad countries using the Queen of the Skies as a government transport plane, proving the outdated 747 is still a beloved aircraft in modern times.
Here are all of the nations that use the iconic jumbo jet for VIP use.
US
w_p_o/Shutterstock
The US currently operates two Boeing 747-200 aircraft for presidential use but is spending an estimated $5.3 billion to upgrade the fleet to more efficient 747-8s. The original models were first used by President George H.W. Bush in the early 1990s.
China
Air China Boeing 747-8.
Nicolas Economou/NurPhoto/Getty Images
China does not have a dedicated presidential jet, but instead borrows 747-400 airliners from Air China for ad hoc VIP transport missions. According to the Asia Times, the country is reportedly converting an Air China 747-8 to use exclusively for presidential flights due to repeated mechanical and security issues on the -400s.
South Korea
Gerckens-Photo-Hamburg/Shutterstock
The Korean government has outfitted a former Korean Air 747-8i for presidential use, per Aerotime. The plane, dubbed "Code One," replaced the country's converted 747-400 VIP transport jet that was leased from Korean Air.
Kuwait
Brendan Swalovski/AFP/Getty Images
Kuwait operates a VIP Boeing 747-8, which has been in service since November 2012, according to Planespotters.
Morocco
Eric Salard
The Moroccan government operates an 11-year-old 747-8, which was donated to the country by the Abu Dhabi government, per The Points Guy.
Oman
C. Van Grinsven/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
The Royal Flight of Oman is the country's non-military VIP transport fleet. According to Planespotters, the nation has two jets in service, including a 747-400 and a 747-8, and one parked 747SP.
Turkey
A Turkish government Boeing Business Jet 747-8i.
Metin Aktas/Anadolu Agency/Getty
Turkey's VIP 747-8i was gifted from the Qatar royal family in 2018, according to the BBC. The ultra-luxurious $500 million jet can carry 76 passengers and has seven bedrooms and two boardrooms.
Bahrain
John Taggart
The Bahrain government operates a 747-400 for VIP transport, per Planespotters.
Brunei
Brunei Sultan's 747-400.
Björn Strey
Brunei's parked 747-400 presidential plane was unique because it was flown by the Sultan himself, Hassanal Bolkiah, who flew it to meet with President Barack Obama in 2013.
According to The Points Guy, the ultra-wealthy Sultan used some of his own money to purchase the jet from Lufthansa and used to fly it around the world. The interior is reportedly gold-plated and nicknamed "the flying palace," per the South China Morning Post.
The plane has since been parked and replaced with a 747-8 model, per TPG.
Jeremy Siegel (R), professor of finance at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, participates in a panel discussion during the Skybridge Alternatives (SALT) Conference in Las Vegas, Nevada May, 9, 2012.
REUTERS/Steve Marcus
Inflation is improving and the Fed's hawkish view is at odds with the economy, Jeremy Siegel said.
He noted that 26 of 27 inflation indicators have been below expectations in the last month.
It could mean the Fed won't have to raise rates as much as many observers are expecting.
Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell stressed at Jackson Hole that the central bank wouldn't be bringing down rates anytime soon and that sustained tightening of policy is needed to bring down inflation — but that's at odds with what the data is showing, Wharton professor Jeremy Siegel said in an interview with CNBC this week.
Out of 27 inflation indicators that have been recorded over the past month, 26 have reported below expected figures, Siegel said. Most recently, the Institute of Supply Management's Prices Index clocked in at 60% in July, down 18.5-points from June's 78.5%. That's the fourth largest decline the index has recorded, and the largest slide in manufacturing since the Great Recession.
He added that the CPI typically lags behind real drops in prices and that real estate prices may also be coming down, though that will go unrecorded for some time as well.
"The inflation news is on really on the ground, really coming in really well, and that's why I was shocked when Powell was acting last Friday like things are getting worse and worse and worse," Siegel said in an interview with CNBC on Wednesday.
Though Siegel had warned the economy had an inflation problem as early as 2020, he's been outspoken in recent months about the Fed's need to slow down its rate hikes, as central bankers risk overtightening the economy. At the September Federal Open Markets Committee meeting last year, half of FOMC members said there was no need to raise rates into 2022, and the most hawkish prediction was a 50-point rate hike, Siegel pointed out. The Fed has hiked the effective federal funds rate by 150 points this year so far.
"So do they really have the ability to see the future? Not really … it was just a year ago that everyone said I'm not even thinking about thinking about raising rates," he said.
Siegel said that central bankers would soon start to slow down the pace of rate hikes as more inflation news data to light, and the Fed only needs to hike another 100 basis points this year before pivoting. The current policy rate is 2.25%-2.5%.
"I don't think they need to go higher than that. And steering the market by saying, 'We're going to stay high through 2023' when they have no idea what's going to be happening in 2023. It was really not a good image to project," he said.
Businessman and senior advisor to former President Donald Trump, Jared Kushner is interviewed at Fox News Channel Studios on August 23, 2022 in New York City.
John Lamparski/Getty Images
Jared Kushner refused to say whether he thought the 2020 presidential election was stolen.
He called the election "very sloppy" because of changes to voting procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The interview aired on UK-based Sky News.
Former White House senior advisor Jared Kushner repeatedly dodged questions about whether he agreed with his father-in-law, former President Donald Trump, over baseless claims that the 2020 election was stolen.
Kushner, speaking in an interview with United Kingdom-based Sky News that aired Friday, instead blamed changes to state voting procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic for why some voters have lost confidence in US elections.
"President Biden is the president right now," Kushner said. "There was a transfer of power. I think it was a very sloppy election. I think it has caused a lot of people in our country to look at how our elections are conducted. During COVID they changed a lot of the rules, which gave a lot of people a lot of concerns with how our elections are conducted."
Amid the pandemic, several states changed the rules around voting access, including on absentee voting and voting by mail. But the Trump campaign hasn't delivered evidence of widespread voter fraud that would have changed the results of the presidential election.
Kushner's interview was intended to promote his new book, "Breaking History," about his time working in the White House. Kushner is married to Trump's daughter Ivanka Trump and he and his family moved to Miami following their time in the White House.
Kushner has similarly avoided answering the question about the 2020 election in other interviews, including during a Sirius XM radio podcast with Megyn Kelly.
Pressed on Sky News to deliver his take on whether Democrats stole the 2020 election, Kushner said, "I'm not going to play the game that the media is trying to play."
"I think they changed a lot of rules at the last minute, used COVID as a pretense to fight the election," he added.
During the interview, Kushner also pointed to the 2016 election that Trump won, suggesting Democrats have similarly tried to declare a presidential election "illegitimate."
He highlighted Democratic investigations and news stories "hyperventilating" that the Trump campaign colluded with Russia to steal the 2016 election from Hillary Clinton. A 2019 investigation by special counsel Robert Mueller found no evidence of collusion.
Trump continues to repeat false claims that there was widespread fraud during the 2020 election. Thursday night, from Philadelphia, President Joe Biden accused Trump and his supporters of being a threat to democracy through these claims and the attack on the Capitol on January 6, 2021.
"Democracy cannot survive," Biden said, "when one side believes there are only two outcomes to an election: either they win, or they were cheated."
Nouriel Roubini warned the US economy faces a huge market crash and stagflationary debt crisis.
The economist said inflation could spiral if the Fed doesn't raise interest rates high enough.
However, rate hikes may slow growth, raise unemployment, and cause headaches for borrowers, he said.
Nouriel Roubini warned investors to prepare for a historic market crash, and suggested the US economy could tumble into a quagmire of shrinking output, surging inflation, and soaring unemployment.
The economics professor at NYU Stern, whose nickname is "Dr. Doom," shared his grim outlook during a recent eToro webinar. He argued the Federal Reserve might have to double interest rates to 5% in order to curb inflation, but hiking to that level could choke economic growth and cause a spike in joblessness.
Moreover, raising rates could spark a debt crisis, Roubini said. American consumers, companies, and other entities have borrowed aggressively over the past decade, and could struggle to repay their loans if interest costs jump, he explained.
The upshot is the rate hikes needed to rein in inflation could tank the economy, and cause crashes across stocks, bonds, housing, credit, private equity, and other assets in bubble territory, Roubini said. If that fallout spurs the central bank to give up on fighting inflation, price increases could spiral out of control as well, he continued.
Stubborn inflation — fueled by Russia's invasion of Ukraine disrupting global food and fuel supplies, and the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to prompt lockdowns and restrict international trade — might force the Fed to drive the US economy into an even deeper recession than the one it avoided, he added.
"I worry about a stagflationary debt crisis, because you have the worst of the '70s in terms of supply shocks, and you have the worst of the global financial crisis because of too much debt, and that combination is dangerous," Roubini said.
"If you're behind the curve, eventually the recession is going to be more severe, the loss of jobs and income and wages is going to be more severe," he noted, referring to the Fed's rate hikes relative to inflation. "You need to be ahead of the curve."
The economist, who was one of the few experts to foresee the collapse of the US housing bubble in the late 2000s, also dismissed the recent rebound in stocks as most likely a bear-market rally. He cautioned that if the US economy suffers a "hard landing" due to the Fed's rate hikes, stocks could tumble by another 35%, based on how they've traded in past recessions.
Finally, Roubini warned that both stocks and long-term bonds would likely slump in value if inflation remains a problem. He suggested investors hedge their portfolios with alternative assets such as short-term and inflation-indexed bonds, gold and other commodities, real estate, infrastructure, and even bitcoin.
This post first appeared in 10 Things in Tech, a newsletter by Insider that brings you all the latest tech news & scoops — delivered daily to your inbox. Sign up here. Download Insider's app here.
1. Inside Snap's all-hands meeting. At the company-wide meeting, which came just after news that Snap was slashing staff and shuttering projects, CEO Evan Spiegel stunned employees, saying the major reorganization presented an opportunity.
The Snapchat maker had a rough week, as it announced — along with layoffs — that projects like its startup accelerator program are being shuttered, along with apps it acquired.
Losing about 20% of their colleagues this week in a mass layoff means Snap has a chance to "prove the haters wrong," Spiegel said on the call, a sentiment that was not well received, according to employees in attendance.
Employees who survived the layoffs are receiving additional restricted stock awards to get their compensation back up to the value they were at when first granted.
2. Twitter is finally testing an edit button. Two years after Jack Dorsey said it would "probably" never happen, the social media company is starting to let employees and Twitter Blue subscribers test out the feature. How it works — and how to be first in line to use it.
3. A leaked recording reveals the moment Amazon decided to go big on the new "Lord of the Rings" series. The "enormous" success of Amazon's Prime Video original content in 2018 helped the company decide how far it wanted to go with its investment in original programming. What we learned from the leaked recording.
4. Apple is set to unveil new products next week. Although nothing is set in stone, Apple is expected to announce the iPhone 14 and Apple Watch Series 8 on Sept. 7. Everything to know ahead of the big event.
5. Some VMware partners say they're optimistic about the $61 billion Broadcom buyout. Insider spoke with several VMware partners, who said they view the seismic buyout as an opportunity to cozy up to customers who fear they'll get lost in the deal's fallout. Here's what else they told us.
6. Elon Musk subpoenaed his alma mater, which he attended for two days. Musk's legal team subpoenaed Stanford University, which he briefly attended in 1995, over an "email account." The move is Musk's latest in his battle with Twitter. Get the full rundown here.
7. Meet the most influential Microsoft execs powering its advertising business. As Microsoft steps up its advertising ambitions, Insider is highlighting the most influential executives driving the push. Get to know 14 of Microsoft's most influential ad execs.
8. Meta is exploring paid features for Facebook and Instagram. According to the Verge, an internal memo sent to employees discussed an organization that would build "possible paid features" for the apps. Read the full report.
9. Need something to do tomorrow? See a movie for $3. For the first-ever National Cinema Day, movie tickets will be a fraction of their normal price at Regal, AMC, and other theaters tomorrow. Here's what you'll need to know.
10. Speaking of movies: We outlined the 10 best films coming to Netflix this month. Classics like "A Clockwork Orange" and "The Notebook" will be added to the streamer, as will Netflix original "Blonde," which recounts the life of Marilyn Monroe. See the full list here.
Keep updated with the latest tech news throughout your day by checking out The Refresh from Insider, a dynamic audio news brief from the Insider newsroom. Listen here.
Policemen stand guard as university students and demonstrators protest in Colombo against the Sri Lankan government.
ISHARA S. KODIKARA/AFP via Getty Images
The world is bound for more disruption and unrest in the next six months, an intelligence firm said.
Its analysis said the risk of civil unrest has increased in 101 of the 198 countries it tracked.
It cited inflation and the energy and food crises linked to the war in Ukraine as key factors.
The risk of civil unrest has surged this year in more than half of the world's countries, signaling a coming period of heightened global instability fueled by inflation, war, and shortages of essentials, a new analysis says.
According to Verisk Maplecroft, a UK-based risk consulting and intelligence firm, 101 of the 198 countries tracked on its Civil Unrest Index saw an increase in their risk of civil unrest between the second and third quarters of this year.
The firm wrote in its Thursday report that only 42 countries saw a decrease in such risk.
"Although there have been several high-profile and large-scale protests during the first half of 2022, the worst is undoubtedly yet to come," it added.
Verisk's index is based on several factors, including inflation levels, how countries respond to dissent, and how devastating an impact civil unrest could have on a country's infrastructure.
The report said that nations such as Peru, Kenya, Ecuador, and Iran have seen discontent emerge on their streets because of rising costs. According to Verisk's index, Sri Lanka saw the most significantt decrease in government stability as mass protests over the country's worst economic crisis in modern history ousted former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa in July.
Some of the nations most at risk of civil unrest are middle-income countries, which had the funds to offer social protection during the COVID-19 pandemic but are now struggling to maintain spending vital to their populations, the researchers wrote.
Richer countries in the European Union face the same risks, with dissatisfaction likely to rise in Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Bosnia and Herzegovina due to fallout from the war in Ukraine.
"Russia's invasion of Ukraine is supercharging food and fuel prices and stoking a cost-of-living crisis across the globe," the firm wrote. "However, the worst effects are yet to kick in."
Meanwhile, energy shortages in Germany have led to blackouts and extreme power price hikes, with the country's top regulator stating that the nation must cut back on gas usage so it can later endure the coming winter.
The Netherlands, which typically imports 15% of its gas from Russia, also faces a dilemma over whether to ramp up drilling in its gas-rich Groningen region and risk triggering more devastating earthquakes that have already severely damaged 26,000 homes.
Inflation will likely be felt more keenly over the next few months and is expected to worsen in 2023, Verisk wrote.
"Only a significant reduction in global food and energy prices can arrest the negative global trend in civil unrest risk," the firm said.
Weather is also a key factor, it added. If colder-than-usual temperatures hit Europe in the fall and winter, it would exacerbate an "already serious energy and cost of living crisis," the firm wrote.
It added that droughts could also increase food prices higher and set off protests in affected countries.
"The next six months are likely to be even more disruptive," the report's summary said.
Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post via Getty Images
A federal judge put off ruling on Trump's request for a special master and said she needs more time to consider.
But she elected to unseal some additional records related to the Mar-a-Lago search.
Judge Aileen Cannon said she would unseal a status report about the DOJ's investigation and a more detailed inventory list of items the FBI seized.
PALM BEACH, Fl. – US District Judge Aileen Cannon heard arguments Thursday related to former President Donald Trump's request that a special master be appointed to sift through and filter out any materials seized in the Mar-a-Lago search that could be privileged.
After the nearly two-hour hearing, Cannon said she would not yet rule on Trump's request and wanted to take more time to consider national security and privilege issues raised by the Justice Department and the former president's defense lawyers.
But she did rule to unseal a status report from the team investigating Trump's handling of national security information, as well as a more detailed inventory list of items the FBI seized from its Mar-a-Lago search.
Cannon kept under seal a status report from the filter team responsible for sifting through materials seized from Mar-a-Lago after lawyers for both Trump and the government agreed that the document should remain out of the public view.
Chris Kise, who recently joined Trump's defense team, had argued that the judge was in a "challenging" and "unique position" to "help restore public confidence" in the DOJ. He added that the "temperature is very high on both sides," and there's also a "significant lack of trust between both parties."
Kise also downplayed the legal and national security risks of Trump moving records from the White House to Mar-a-Lago after leaving office, saying the documents were stored "at a location that was used frequently during his time in office."
James Trusty, another defense attorney on Trump's team who previously served as a federal prosecutor, said it was "extraordinary" for the government to push back on the appointment of a special master.
Trusty also referenced the DOJ's argument that the appointment of a special master would "significantly harm" the US's national security interests given the sensitivity of the documents recovered from Mar-a-Lago.
"What is the harm that they are worried about?" he said. "What possibly could justify this kind of vehement objection and rejection of Fourth Amendment law," which relates to the search and seizure of individuals' property.
"I would suggest to the court that all we are talking about today is a very modest step," Trusty said, before Cannon interjected.
"To do what, exactly?" the judge asked.
Trusty reiterated the request for a special master and pointed to attorney-client and executive privilege concerns.
When the government was up, Jay Bratt, the DOJ's top counterintelligence official, reiterated the DOJ's position that Trump is not entitled to a special master because he does not have a "possessory interest" in the materials that were seized as they are the government's records.
Julie Edelstein, a deputy chief in the DOJ's counterintelligence division, doubled down on Bratt's argument, saying the records seized from Mar-a-Lago "were not [Trump's] at the time the search warrant was authorized and the search occurred and he does not have a property interest in those records."
She also said it would be "unprecedented" for Trump, as the former president, "to be allowed to assert privilege against the executive branch."
Edelstein pointed as well to the national security concerns associated with the documents recovered from Mar-a-Lago.
Some materials FBI agents found were "some of the most highly classified" documents and "there was no place that was authorized for the storage of those records" after Trump left office, Edelstein said.
She also noted that the Office of the Director of National Intelligence is currently spearheading a review of the intelligence and national security risks that could come from the disclosure of information contained in the Mar-a-Lago records.
But Cannon pushed back on the government's arguments, pointing to the unprecedented nature of the FBI searching a former president's home, and raising the possibility of a special master working in conjunction with the DNI's office.
Cannon also later pressed the former president's counsel on why they wouldn't wait to challenge the results of the search in a future proceeding given that no charges have been filed, to which Trusty responded that they had the right to challenge the "preliminary" search. Cannon pushed back, asking why Trump's team then waited two weeks to file their lawsuit.
"Part of that I don't think I can disclose," Trusty said, adding that they were "effectively exploring whether we were going to have a level of cooperation that would allow us not to have to run to the court for assistance."
The Justice Department also revealed on Thursday that a government filter team had determined after an initial review that roughly 500 pages out of the records seized from Mar-a-Lago could be covered under attorney-client privilege but that a secondary review would likely result in a smaller set of documents being protected.
Prosecutors emphasized that the filter team took attorney-client privilege concerns "very seriously" and "applied a very broad and expansive criteria" to make sure the government did not get access to material that could be protected.
Any document that appeared legal or had an attorney's name on it was set aside, DOJ lawyer Benjamin Hawk said, adding that the filter team was "over-inclusive and erred on the side of caution." The initial review found that 520 pages, some of which were copies, could be potentially privileged.
A second team of attorneys then began reviewing those pages in order to determine if they were "actually privileged in nature" because such a broad set of criteria had been applied in the initial review, Hawk said. But the department put a pause on the process to give the court time to consider the issue, he added.
Former President Donald Trump speaks at the Conservative Political Action Conference at the Hilton Anatole on August 06, 2022 in Dallas, Texas.
Brandon Bell/Getty Images
Former President Donald Trump keeps teasing another White House run.
Most Republicans think he'll win the nomination if he wants it.
But a few scenarios and arguments from GOP rivals could have a shot at upending that.
Former President Donald Trump is dealing with considerable legal and political problems, from scrutiny of his activities during the January 6, 2021, Capitol riot, to a DOJ investigation into whether he improperly took classified materials to his Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida.
But what if the conventional wisdom about Trump 2024 is wrong? Can Republican rivals make any persuasive arguments or tactical moves to peel away Trump's fervent support?
That's the question Insider posed to GOP operatives given the growing list of potential Republican candidates who could challenge Trump in 2024, including Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis.
Other possibilities for the ticket include former Vice President Mike Pence, Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan, former New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, former UN Ambassador Nikki Haley, Sen. Tom Cotton of Arkansas, Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas, former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, and Rep. Liz Cheney of Wyoming — though it's not clear whether she'd run as an independent.
Here's what six operatives said about how to outdo Trump in a primary.
Homing in on how Trump could have only one term
Trump has been president once before. That means he only has another four years in the Oval Office if he wins another term. Because presidents historically tend to lose their party's majority in Congress after two years in office, Trump likely could only pass most of his agenda during his first two years.
Other Republican candidates would be running for president with the possibility of serving two terms. Republican rivals could regularly use that fact to contrast themselves with Trump. It would be a way to differentiate themselves without bashing Trump's policies or criticizing him personally.
"At the end of the day people will be looking through the prism of electability," said Sam Nunberg, who worked on Trump's 2016 campaign. "Ultimately, he can only serve one term. That's a reason that some voters may be skeptical of voting for him. He's a lame duck by around June of 2025."
Underscoring Trump's propensity for drama
Some Republican insiders think there might be a lane for someone who might be able to appeal to Trump's base but without his political and legal baggage.
"They're tired of the drama all the time," said a GOP operative who works for a potential 2024 candidate.
Trump fatigue was beginning to show up in focus groups after the House January 6 hearings, said Gunner Ramer, political director for the anti-Trump Republican Accountability Project.
"As these groups become concerned about electability and finding a Republican to beat in 2024 they were starting to look around for other candidates that don't have the baggage Trump has," Ramer said.
The strategy would be similar to the playbook President Joe Biden used when he ran in 2020, when he presented himself as having the experience necessary to lead the country. The argument was persuasive to voters who appeared weary with a news cycle constantly focused on Trump.
Criticizing how Trump handled the pandemic
No Republican should challenge Trump in 2024 other than DeSantis, Nunberg told Insider.
The biggest way that DeSantis could distinguish himself, he said, is by pointing out how he pushed aside the advice of federal health officials during the COVID-19 pandemic to reopen schools and businesses far earlier than other states.
Trump, Nunberg said, was too deferential to Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institutes for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, who is now Biden's chief medical advisor. DeSantis regularly criticizes Fauci and chose to ignore his advice.
"One handed his presidency to Fauci and the other fought against all the intelligentsia and was a shining beacon for the country," Nunberg said. "I think there's a major policy difference."
Criticizing Trump's support for the COVID-19 vaccine
Trump backed Operation Warp Speed — a historic government undertaking that resulted in COVID-19 vaccines being delivered in record time.
But when Trump goes to rallies and encourages people to get the shot, his supporters have booed him.
Some Republican insiders, like Nunberg, said Trump's vaccine push could be a political liability. Data show that voters in heavily red states do not plan to get vaccinated.
Some signs show people fervently opposed to vaccines might agree. Earlier this month Alex Jones, who hosts the InfoWars conspiracy theorist radio show, bashed Trump for supporting the vaccine and praised DeSantis for raising concerns about it.
Gov. Ron DeSantis speaks during a press conference at the Broward County Courthouse in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on August 18, 2022.
Joe Raedle/Getty Images
Using the months ahead to soft-campaign
Republicans have until the summer of 2023 to announce their candidacies. Those in Congress or in governors' mansions can work to grab headlines through introducing legislation and touting efforts that get passed. Those ideas can help set a vision for what the future of the GOP could be.
The strategy could be especially effective for DeSantis. As long as DeSantis wins reelection in Florida in November, he'll have the start of his second term to lay out an agenda for Florida. The legislature, which has largely followed the governor's lead, would then be able to approve many of his ideas.
Already the governor has promised to propose the largest tax cuts in Florida's history.
One longtime GOP operative who has been close to Trump said if DeSantis plans to run, he should wait until May or June 2023 to announce.
"If he's smart he'll use that legislative session as a messaging tool for all the things he wants to accomplish or lay out," the person said.
Arguing that Trump is in the past if Democrats blow out Republicans in the 2022 midterms
DeSantis or another Republican could have an opening in 2024 if their party loses big in November, particularly if most of the Trump-endorsed candidates lose their races.
Democrats are starting to feel more optimistic about their midterm prospects, even though historically the party that controls the presidency tends to lose seats in Congress.
But Democrats say the Trump-endorsed candidates don't stand a chance against their nominees. They also think voters will be motivated to their side by the issue of abortion after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade.
John Thomas, founder and president of the political advertising and strategy group Thomas Partners Strategies, said the midterms could shake up the 2024 nomination. But he added that he thought it would be better for DeSantis to avoid getting in a primary that had Trump in it.
In the case of a disastrous midterm for the GOP in November, Thomas' advice to DeSantis would be the following: He "could make an argument saying, 'Trump is wonderful, he's the grandfather of the party, but we need somebody who is a fighter and a winner, and Trump doesn't have that mojo. We have got to take back power, and I'm Trump 2.0. I share Trump's values.'
"He can push Trump aside basically by saying, 'We have got to win and that's the No. 1 thing here, and you're not going to be sacrificing anything on the agenda.'"
Winnowing down the list of alternatives
One of the biggest ways for a Republican to replace Trump at the top of the ticket in 2024 may be for the party to decide that it will unite behind one person early on.
During the 2016 presidential race, Trump was able to capture the nomination through winning a plurality of votes in state primaries. One of the main undercurrents from Insider interviews in recent weeks was operatives' acknowledgement that if numerous candidates enter the race in 2024, Trump would once again have the ability to splinter the vote in his favor.
Pointing out he already lost
Michael DuHaime, CEO of MAD Global Strategy who was a strategist for Christie's 2016 presidential campaign, said the biggest argument is that Trump lost to Biden before.
"We don't need a guy who already lost to Joe Biden to run against him again," DuHaime said. "He proved he can't beat Biden. If he wants to soothe his soul by lying to everyone and saying he really won, he can, but the reality is he lost. Joe Biden is president now. Republicans have a chance to take back the White House. They can't risk running someone who already lost to Biden."
A worker sprays insecticide for mosquitoes at a village in Bangkok, Thailand, on December 12, 2017.
Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters
Climate change is expected to weaken humans, supercharge pathogens, and push both into closer quarters.
A new study shows extreme weather, ocean changes, and land disruption have already helped spread more than 200 pathogens.
Three charts show how extreme weather and environmental changes help spread disease.
The first outbreak of Nipah virus, a deadly disease spread by bats, may have started with a wildfire.
In 1997 and 1998, catastrophic fires erupted across Indonesia, punctuating a long drought and, many scientists suspect, driving fruit bats from their forest homes into Malaysia. There, the story goes, the increased bat population was attracted to fruiting trees on pig farms.
Soon pig farmers began developing fevers, headaches, sore throats, vomiting, and brain swelling. People in Singapore who ate Malaysian pork also developed symptoms. All in all, more than 300 people fell ill, and more than 100 died. To curb the sickness, more than 1 million pigs were culled, and pig farming was permanently banned in some regions.
Nipah virus is just one of 218 infectious diseases that have spread more widely among humans because of climate extremes — floods, drought, heat waves, hurricanes, ocean chemistry, sea-level rise, or other environmental conditions that are sensitive to climate change — according to a study published in the journal Nature Climate Change on August 8.
"I can tell you that story with bats, I can tell you that story with birds, I can tell you that story with rats, mice, deer. And I can tell it to you with viruses and with bacteria. And I can tell it to you via heat waves, floods, wildfires, even hurricanes, things that actually force those species to move," Camilo Mora, a data scientist at the University of Hawaiʻi Manoa who led the study, told Insider.
Grey-headed flying foxes hang in an animal trainer's house in the outskirts of Bangkok, on September 10, 2009.
Sukree Sukplang/Reuters
By assessing historical records of infectious diseases dating back to the Roman Empire, Mora's team catalogued cases of climate extremes facilitating the spread of 58% of known human pathogens.
"I was not expecting that high of a number," Mora said.
It's likely an undercount, he added, since it only includes instances that were documented in published papers. While not all of those cases can be attributed to the current human-caused climate change, 80% of the papers are relatively recent, published in the last 20 years. They build upon a mountain of evidence that the extreme changes brought on by rising global temperatures help spread infectious diseases through three major pathways.
Pathway 1: Extreme weather and land disruption spread disease by pushing animals and people closer together
Residents walk through flood waters left in the wake of Hurricane Irma in a suburb of Orlando, Florida, on September 11, 2017.
Gregg Newton/Reuters
In Siberia in 2016, an outbreak of anthrax was traced to a decades-old reindeer carcass unearthed by melting permafrost. That's an extreme case of climate change creating new contact between humans and infectious diseases, but the phenomenon is widespread.
Extreme weather events, which are becoming more frequent and severe with climate change, can displace animal and bird populations, driving them closer to humans. The Nature study found that vector-borne illnesses — the ones carried by animals and insects — were the most aggravated by climate extremes.
Changes in land use — like deforestation — can drive animal populations into places people live, or bring humans into animal territory. In the eastern US, studiessuggest carving up forest territories for development led to increased overlap between humans and ticks, facilitating the spread of Lyme disease.
Patients rest on stretchers in the Cholera Treatment Center of Diquini in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on May 28, 2016.
Andres Martinez Casares/Reuters
Extreme weather can put humans in close quarters with each other, as well. Hurricanes and cyclones often lead to outbreaks of cholera, norovirus, and other deadly illnesses. Such outbreaks were well-documented in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Flooding can expose people to water-borne diseases like vibriosis. A 1995 analysis even found that the spread of leprosy in Malawi was associated not with population density, but with rainfall.
Pathway 2: Extreme heat and rain can supercharge pathogens
An Anopheles stephensi mosquito — a known vector of malaria — obtains blood from a human host through its pointed proboscis.
Jim Gathany/CDC/Handout via Reuters
Mosquitoes thrive in high temperatures and heavy rainfall, which creates stagnant water where they can lay their eggs. The diseases they spread, like malaria, West Nile virus, and chikungunya, thrive as climate change increases temperatures and heavy-rainfall events across many parts of the globe.
The pathogens themselves can grow stronger in extreme conditions, too. Warming oceans are creating fertile breeding waters for vibrio bacteria, which showsigns of increased virulence in heat, allowing them to cause more severe illness.
Extreme heat waves, for example, can kill off many infectious viruses, bacteria, fungi, and the creatures that spread them. Whatever survives, however, is adapted to extreme heat — including the fever our bodies produce to kill off pathogens.
"The ones that survive are going to survive 42 degrees Celsius, meaning that when they come and infect us, one of the main mechanisms for us to fight off these diseases and these pathogens is not effective at all," Mora said.
Pathway 3: Extreme weather weakens infrastructure and makes humans prone to disease
A paramedic checks a man's blood pressure at a tent encampment during a heat wave in Shoreline, Washington, on July 26, 2022.
David Ryder/Getty Images
Humans and their infrastructure are more vulnerable to the devastating impacts of disease when they're compromised by extreme weather. Wildfire smoke, for instance, can irritate the lining of the lungs, cause inflammation, inhibit the immune system, and leave people more vulnerable to respiratory illnesses like COVID-19.
Extreme weather events like heat waves can affect access to healthcare, by making it difficult or dangerous for people to leave their homes, or by destroying necessary infrastructure. Just this summer, heat melted roads and airport tarmacs, buckled railways, and caused power outages.
People affected by rapid weather variability or extreme events like hurricanes or fires might be stressed out, leading to heightened cortisol levels that weaken their immune systems. Malnutrition, expected to become more widespread as the changing climate affects the world's bread baskets, has a severe negative impact on the immune system.
Adapting infrastructure, emergency plans, and healthcare to these new extremes can reduce the spread of diseases. But the Nature study concludes that the pathogens boosted by climate threats "are too numerous for comprehensive societal adaptations." Instead, the authors write, their findings highlight "the urgent need to work at the source of the problem: reducing [greenhouse gas] emissions."
"Keep in mind that this is not some weird alien that is causing climate change," Mora said, adding, "It's the contribution of small things that you and I do, multiplied by almost 8 billion people."
Employees can use legal protections under the ADA and FMLA to seek help for mental health issues.
But lawyers say they rarely reach out for help for fear of professional repercussions.
Attorneys shared how they sought treatment, took time off, and prioritized their health.
Insider recently chronicled the stresses of Big Law life. As part of this, we spoke with lawyers who have suffered from depression and, after having taken time to address their mental health issues, have continued to lead successful careers.
They said that attrition is the No. 1 warning sign that a law firm's culture is placing a strain on the workforce. They also offered insights into how to navigate feelings of anxiety and helplessness that can come tumbling down on lawyers with outsized client responsibilities.
Law firms have offered on-call psychologists and wellness initiatives, such as free access to Peloton's workout platform, to help their staff feel better about their work-life balance.
But many lawyers said that these efforts go only so far, as a law firm's business model is built around billable hours, and lawyers are often expected to work 15 hour days or longer. Industry reviews also show the extent of cultural and structural obstacles that attorneys face in seeking help.
A 2020 survey on lawyer well-being by the New York State Bar Association, which had more than 3,000 participants, indicated that only 8 percent of them had looked to employee assistance programs when dealing with issues including mental health concerns.
Attorneys noted their concerns about whether such programs truly offered confidential services, and whether it would reflect on their abilities, according to an October report by the NY SBA's task force on attorney well-being.
But there are legal protections for employees seeking accommodations or time off for mental health issues, under both, the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Family and Medical Leave Act.
Many employees can use the ADA's protections, for instance, to seek accommodations for mental health issues, like trying to negotiate more time for assignments, make flexible work arrangements to seek treatment during work hours, and push for remote work options, said Mariette Clardy-Davis, a mental health attorney with her own practice, M.L. Clardy Law LLC. Beyond legal protections, companies can also work with their employees to offer arrangements that suit their needs, she said.
"Just because the right resources may not be available, it doesn't mean you can't advocate for yourself to your employer," she said.
Through the course of our reporting, several lawyers offered actionable pieces of advice that readers could find useful to think about when approaching work. Though they are all different, one theme remained consistent: It is never too late to find something else to do, or even just pick up the phone and seek counseling. Burying your problems with more work is a recipe for disaster, they said.
'Start early and don't wait'
Gavin Alexander.
Courtesy photo.
Gavin Alexander, the wellness director of Jackson Lewis, says that when you're dealing with a mental breakdown at work, it only adds to the stress if you don't already have a therapist or psychologist who is covered by insurance.
"You don't want to be looking when you are in a crisis," said Alexander.
Alexander recommended starting to talk to a therapist even if you are doing pretty well, or reaching out to the state's lawyer assistance program to develop relationships.
One thing that helped Alexander when he worked at Ropes & Gray as a corporate associate was working out a reduced hours work arrangement. He said that the firm was wholly supportive of the move.
"They would rather have some of you, than none of you," said Alexander.
He also said that reduced hours work arrangements don't need to be permanent, but could even be for short periods of time. "I'm a big fan of saying, 'Hey, I need a month where I'm going to be working a little less," he said. "I've got some depression or some symptoms of anxiety where I need some time to recover."
There are also intensive outpatient programs available for lawyers to learn coping mechanisms to help them deal with stress, he said.
"I say these things, as I really want to emphasize these are tools to help you recover and help you become incredible again. These are not to signal you are a failure or lost cause."
Alexander flagged the Lawyers Depression Project as a resource for lawyers who are struggling with mental health. It's a non-profit organization that hosts and facilitates free online, confidential peer support groups for lawyers and legal professionals around the world.
Finding ways to say 'no'
Ellen Ostrow.
Courtesy photo
Ellen Ostrow says that law firms can be filled with lawyers who make an already stressful environment even more stressful. But that doesn't mean you should let those people affect your quality of life.
Ostrow says that setting good boundaries, managing expectations, and developing effective ways to say "no" that don't burn bridges, can help a lawyer cope with a mountain of workplace demands that may exceed your resources.
But if a "screamer" is making your life hell, Ostrow says it's important to talk to whoever supports associates in your workplace - the head of the practice group or professional development staff members.
"It's important NOT to continue to work with people who drive you into the ground," she said.
She also said that it can be helpful to constantly assess whether the work you are doing is right for you - another contributor to burnout and feelings of depression. "Are you feeling badly because work has you sitting by yourself writing briefs when you thrive on being around other people?" she said.
Ostrow also made the point that law firms tend to be "punishment avoidance" cultures, where lawyers spend their energy worrying about not meeting their hours, not making mistakes, and not making someone angry. But that kind of thinking can be detrimental to your wellbeing.
She said that there are partners who are more focused on mentoring and rewarding improvements. "Try to find those people," she said.
Get enough sleep
Alejandro Guadarrama
Courtesy photo.
Alejandro Guadarrama says that not getting good rest is a warning sign of mental health issues. He remembers when he was a Skadden associate, he often woke up at 3 am, his mind buzzing about work responsibilities.
"I didn't think about why I was waking up," said Guadarrama. "I didn't care."
Guadarrama said that the constant grind of Big Law has desensitized many lawyers to the perils that such a hard-working lifestyle can bring. When he was an associate, before he became a counsel at Skadden in 2017, Guadarrama rarely saw colleagues taking vacations. And when they did, they continued to work.
So when Guadarrama had to drum up the courage to let his colleagues know about his depression and multiple sclerosis diagnosis, it was the hardest thing he'd ever done in his life, he said.
Most people think about going to the doctor in terms of physical check-ups, but Guadarrama said that mental check-ups should take place as well.
But if you feel like you need help, Guadarrama stressed the importance of speaking to people about it and pointed to confidential lawyers assistance programs, which he said connects lawyers with assistance.
Understand your agency
Will Meyerhofer.
Courtesy photo.
Will Meyerhofer, a therapist in New York City and former Sullivan & Cromwell lawyer, said that he likes to encourage clients to re-frame their thinking about work.
Often lawyers feel trapped. But he says to remember that Big Law was a conscious choice lawyers made and they can think of it as a stepping stone.
"Those partners working you to death aren't parent figures refusing to acknowledge your hard work and denying you appreciation," said Meyerhofer. "They're not your damn parents! They're just a law firm, in it to make money, and further their own careers."
And just as lawyers placed themselves into Big Law roles, they can also change their mind, he said.
"You're not in control of all the variables, but you can make choices, and one of them is to leave and do something else, even if there are obvious challenges in taking that step as well."
Consider taking a leave of absence
Regina Colantonio.
Courtesy of Regina Colantonio.
Lawyers acknowledge that taking extended time off work can be a logistical challenge, and that it comes with its own stress about future career prospects. But for some, it's offered a lifeline and a vision for what's possible beyond the pressures of billing hours.
Regina Colantonio told Insider that she took a 12-week leave of absence in April 2020, after feeling pushed to the brink by a mental health crisis precipitated by working while caring for her two young sons, aged 3 and 6 at the time, all confined at home in Philadelphia early in the COVID-19 pandemic.
But Colantonio, who had been working at the time at Cozen O'Connor, had taken some preliminary steps well in advance, which made the move possible, she said. In 2018, she had joined the group Women Interested in Leaving Law, or WILL, through which she had met others who had taken similar sabbaticals.
"The WILL group was so incredibly helpful," Colantonio said. "It helped me have the courage to reach out to the HR person first to tell them, 'I need to do this,' and second, ask them, 'how can that happen?'"
Her firm's HR team helped her navigate the protocols for taking a leave of absence under those circumstances, like filling out paperwork and getting a medical provider to sign off, she said. She also reached out to the partner she was working with to inform him. The leave then had to be approved a few weeks at a time, per the company's insurance requirements, and with her medical provider's continued sign-off, she said.
Taking that extended time off helped her find reprieve, seek help, and care for her children, she said. It also gave her a sense of professional clarity — she realized the line of work wasn't a good fit, and she and her firm decided to part ways mutually.
"It's a difficult profession to leave, despite the terror and mental health problems it creates," she said. "The money, the years you've worked to get there, the level of status you feel in the profession."
"But if I hadn't taken that time off, I don't know where I would be — it gave me the courage to not work as a lawyer since then, which is something I don't know that I could have done on my own," she said.
Communicate with the firm
Michael Kasdan, partner at Wiggin and Dana LLP.
Courtesy of Michael Kasdan.
Michael Kasdan has been a practising lawyer for over two decades, internalizing the profession's productivity norms and codes of silence around issued deemed personal. But when an acute mental health crisis hit him in June last year, he knew he had to be upfront, he said.
He spoke to his partner at Wiggin and Dana, who worked with him to figure out a solution — which in his case was time off work for months — and helped him communicate it to others at the firm, he said.
"I would say, find a trusted colleague or supervisor, and just go to them and explain what's happening," Kasdan said. "We think we're the only ones struggling, but that's not going to be the first time that person has heard it from someone."
Kasdan acknowledged that despite more attorneys being vocal about mental health issues, young attorneys in particular may have valid fears about the potential repercussions of speaking up. The onus is on firm leadership and partners to demonstrate an understanding of mental health issues, and to speak out about it themselves, he said.
"There's a lot of pressure on young attorneys, and there are different pressures on senior attorneys," Kasdan said. "I've come to believe after going through that, that it's really important for leaders to be open about it."
Look to lawyer assistance programs
Lawyer assistance programs, or LAPs, are often linked to state bar associations and usually led by mental health professionals trained to offer support and resources to attorneys, said Joseph Milowic, a partner at Quinn Emanuel.
In his role as director of wellbeing at the firm, Milowic encourages attorneys to seek out LAPs, which can refer attorneys to therapists and psychiatrists who work with people in the legal profession. Such programs are also a network for attorneys to meet others in their profession with similar mental health and substance abuse issues.
LAP groups also periodically conduct surveys on attorneys' mental health. In 2016, the American Bar Association's commission on LAPs issued a report based on a study of 13,000 practicing attorneys that found that up to 36 percent could be termed 'problem drinkers' and that 28 percent were dealing with depression.
Milowic, who is also the co-founder of the peer support network The Lawyers Depression Project, described LAPs as an underutilized resource.
"I think that sometimes people are afraid that their job will be in jeopardy if they seek help," he said. "My general message to young attorneys is to prioritize yourself — your health and well being are more important than any project or case you'll work on."
If you or someone you know is experiencing depression or has had thoughts of harming themself or taking their own life, get help. The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (dial 988) provides 24/7, free, confidential support for people in distress, as well as best practices for professionals and resources to aid in prevention and crisis situations. Help is also available through the Crisis Text Line — just text "HOME" to 741741. For lawyer-specific inquiries, you can find confidential, live assistance through Lawyer Assistance Programs offered through your state bar, as well as through the Lawyers Depression Project.